Ebola Virus
Ebola virus originated from Zaire now known as the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Infectious Disease Fact Sheet
Name of disease
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EBOLA
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Name of causative agent
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Virus
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Type of microbe R
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Bacterium Eukaryote virus Provirus
VIRUS
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If Bacterial:
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· Gram-reaction
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· Cell shape and arrangement
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If Eukaryotic: R
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Alga Protozoa Platyhelminth Nematode Fungus
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· Multicellular or Unicellular
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If Viral: R
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DNA +Strand RNA -Strand RNA Retrovirus
The virus is negative strand RNA
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· Naked or Enveloped
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Enveloped
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· Formation of Provirus
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Filoviridae (filovirus)
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Epidemiology:
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· Geographic Prevalence
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Africa; Zaire NOW KNOWN AS Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Uganda, Sudan, Cote d,Ivore, Ivory Coast, Reston
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· Average rates of infection
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Approximately 90% fatality rate
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· Reservoir(s)
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The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown, the manner in which the virus first appears in a human at the start of an outbreak has not been determined. However, researchers have hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected through contact with an infected animal.
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· Main transmission mode(s)
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Direct contact with blood body fluids and tissues of infected people. Handling sick or dead infected animals (monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, fruit bats, forest antelope
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Pathology:
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· Major tissues/organs affected
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Liver, spleen, thyroid gland, kidney, skin, brain, lungs, pancreas
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· Major signs/symptoms
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Sudden onset of fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, A rash, red eyes, hiccups and internal and external bleeding may be seen in some patients
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· Sequalae?
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· Latency?
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2 days or as long as 21 days.
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Treatment:
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· Main treatment methods
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There is no standard treatment for Ebola HF. Treatment is primarily supportive and includes minimizing invasive procedures, balancing electrolytes, and, since patients are frequently dehydrated, replacing lost coagulation factors to help stop bleeding, maintaining oxygen and blood levels, and treating any complicating infections
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· Typical length of treatment
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unknown
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· Prophylactic measures
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Wearing of protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles; the use of infection-control measures, including complete equipment sterilization; and the isolation of Ebola HF patients from contact with unprotected persons.
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